Inventors:
Richard J. Cohen - Chestnut Hill MA, US
Ramakrishna Mukkamala - Lansing MI, US
Derin A. Sherman - Cedar Rapids IA, US
Assignee:
Massachusetts Institute of Technology - Cambridge MA
Board of Trustees of Michigan State University - East Lansing MI
International Classification:
A61B 5/02
Abstract:
The present invention provides methods and apparatus for determining a dynamical property of the systemic or pulmonary arterial tree using long time scale information, i. e. , information obtained from measurements over time scales greater than a single cardiac cycle. In one aspect, the invention provides a method and apparatus for monitoring cardiac output (CO) from a single blood pressure signal measurement obtained at any site in the systemic or pulmonary arterial tree or from any related measurement including, for example, fingertip photoplethysmography. According to the method the time constant of the arterial tree, defined to be the product of the total peripheral resistance (TPR) and the nearly constant arterial compliance, is determined by analyzing the long time scale variations (greater than a single cardiac cycle) in any of these blood pressure signals. Then, according to Ohm's law, a value proportional to CO may be determined from the ratio of the blood pressure signal to the estimated time constant. The proportional CO values derived from this method may be calibrated to absolute CO, if desired, with a single, absolute measure of CO (e. g.