GORDON WESLEY BRAUDAWAY
Pilots at Adela Ct, Yorktown Hgts, NY

6690383, Feb 10, 2004

Jan 24, 2000

09/490545

Gordon Wesley Braudaway - Yorktown Heights NY
Albert Nessim Cazes - Mount Kisco NY
James Edward Christensen - Cortlandt Manor NY
Michael James Cordes - Newburgh NY
Donald Michael DeCain - New York NY
Shui-Chih Alan Lien - Briarcliff Manor NY
Frederick Cole Mintzer - Shrub Oak NY
Steven Lorenz Wright - Cortlandt Manor NY

International Business Machines Corporation - Armonk NY

G09G 502

345600, 345603, 345604

The present invention provides methods and apparatus for the color calibration of displays. These methods are particularly useful for displays having properties different than those associated with cathode ray tubes (CRT). Some displays, for example liquid crystal displays (LCD), have a high luminance black, the chromas of their primaries are not independent of their luminance levels, the intensities of their primaries are not strictly monotonically increasing with respect to their RGB levels, the color additivity of their subpixels is affected by crosstalk or leakage and their color measurements are dependent on the view angle of the observer. Therefore, the usage of CRT methods is deficient for such displays. The methods and apparatus of the present invention overcome several deficiencies generally found in non-CRT display devices by employing techniques associated with the use of restricted ranges for the primaries, subtracting the color black from all color measurements, forming a modified display matrix and/or creating tables which correct errors due to the non-linearities or color leakages of these display devices. These enable images to be processed using algorithms of different complexity and precision.

8023159, Sep 20, 2011

Jul 9, 2008

12/169786

Gordon W. Braudaway - Yorktown Heights NY, US
Frederick C. Mintzer - Shrub Oak NY, US

International Business Machines Corporation - Armonk NY

H04N 1/40, G06K 9/00

358 328, 358 19, 358 114, 358 118, 358 21, 358 31, 358 14, 358 18, 358 299, 358505, 382100, 382232, 382135, 382137, 382248, 382250, 382284, 380 22, 380 43, 380 51, 380 54, 380201

The present invention provides methods and apparatus for embedding an identifying pattern of visible speckles into the digitized image of each page of a document. A speckle is a cluster of black or white pixels. Speckles are printed as black speckles on the white paper, or conversely, as areas of missing black removed from the black text characters, called white speckles. The collective pattern of all embedded black and white speckles on a single document page is called a specklemark. A specklemark can survive contrast manipulations on photocopiers and binary rasterization done by fax scanning prior to data transmission. The random pattern of the black and white speckles visible in the digitized image of a document page can be detected automatically, and by systematically matching the detected pattern with those known to have been embedded into marked copies of a document page, a specific document copy can be identified. Methods for composing, embedding and detecting specklemarks are the subject of this patent.

5825892, Oct 20, 1998

Oct 28, 1996

8/738930

Gordon Wesley Braudaway - Yorktown Heights NY
Frederick Cole Mintzer - Shrub Oak NY

International Business Machines Corporation - Armonk NY

H04L 900, G06K 936

380 51

A robust means of watermarking a digitized image with a highly random sequence of pixel brightness multipliers is presented. The random sequence is formed from `robust-watermarking-parameters` selected and known only by the marker and/or the marking entity. A watermarking plane is generated which has an element array with one-to-one element correspondence to the pixels of the digitized image being marked. Each element of the watermarking plane is assigned a random value dependent upon a robust random sequence and a specified brightness modulation strength. The so generated watermarking plane is imparted onto the digitized image by multiplying the brightness value or values of each pixel by its corresponding element value in the watermarking plane. The resulting modified brightness values impart the random and relatively invisible watermark onto the digitized image. Brightness alteration is the essence of watermark imparting.

6208753, Mar 27, 2001

Feb 27, 1998

9/032492

Gordon Wesley Braudaway - Yorktown Heights NY
James Edward Christensen - Cortlandt Manor NY
Gerhard Robert Thompson - Wappingers Falls NY

International Business Machines Corporation - Armonk NY

G06K3/00

382162

A system and process by which misregistration among the pixel components of the several color planes of a color image can be substantially eliminated is presented. In an embodiment, the physical object which comprises the test scene is represented as having features that are uniform squares of alternating black and white color arranged. The digitized color image of the test scene is employed to make measurements of misregistration of scene features in its color planes. A process by which misregistration among the several color planes is measured, and substantially eliminated, is made up of three parts. First, one of the color planes is chosen as a reference plane. The remainder of the color planes are called secondary planes. The relative misregistration of image features in the secondary planes relative to corresponding image features in the reference plane are measured at dispersed pixel locations in the reference plane. Secondly, for each of the secondary planes, an interpolated approximation of the offset of its scene features is computed for each pixel location in the reference plane by using the measured offsets.

6954290, Oct 11, 2005

Nov 9, 2000

09/708517

Gordon W. Braudaway - Yorktown Heights NY, US
Frank P. Giordano - Scarsdale NY, US
Marco Martens - Chappaqua NY, US
Charles P. Tresser - Mamaroneck NY, US
Chai Wah Wu - Poughquag NY, US
Charles A. Micchelli - Mohegan Lake NY, US

International Business Machines Corporation - Armonk NY

G06K015/00

358 326, 358474, 358488

Pages of books are copied without distortion due to curvature of the page near the book binding or the distortion in a copied page is corrected using the spacing of equidistant bars on tape strips applied to the top and bottom edges of a page before copying. The tape is preferably transparent and rather narrow and easily attached to a page to be copied. The first step in the distortion correction procedure is to locate the bars at the top and bottom of the page. The distortion of the spacing between the imaged bars is computed based on the known distance between the equidistant bars. The computed distortion of the spacing is then input to a distortion correction algorithm. The output of the distortion correction algorithm generates a corrected image. This image may also optionally delete the bars so that they are not printed in the copy. The corrected image is then copied.

2007011, May 24, 2007

Nov 18, 2005

11/282912

Gordon Braudaway - Yorktown Heights NY, US
Frederick Mintzer - Shrub Oak NY, US

International Business Machines Corporation - Armonk NY

H04N 1/40

358003280, 358001140

The present invention provides methods and apparatus for embedding an identifying pattern of visible speckles into the digitized image of each page of a document. A speckle is a cluster of black or white pixels. Speckles are printed as black speckles on the white paper, or conversely, as areas of missing black removed from the black text characters, called white speckles. The collective pattern of all embedded black and white speckles on a single document page is called a specklemark. A specklemark can survive contrast manipulations on photocopiers and binary rasterization done by fax scanning prior to data transmission. The random pattern of the black and white speckles visible in the digitized image of a document page can be detected automatically, and by systematically matching the detected pattern with those known to have been embedded into marked copies of a document page, a specific document copy can be identified. Methods for composing, embedding and detecting specklemarks are the subject of this patent.

5530759, Jun 25, 1996

Feb 1, 1995

8/381807

Gordon W. Braudaway - Yorktown Heights NY
Karen A. Magerlein - Ossining NY
Frederick C. Mintzer - Shrub Oak NY

International Business Machines Corporation - Armonk NY

H04K 100

380 54

A system for placing a visible "watermark" on a digital image is disclosed, wherein an image of the watermark is combined with the digital image. The pixels of the watermark image are examined, and for each pixel whose value is not a specified "transparent" value, the corresponding pixel of the original image is modified by changing its brightness but its chromaticities. This results in a visible mark which allows the contents of the image to be viewed clearly, but which discourages unauthorized use of the image.

8451472, May 28, 2013

Nov 23, 2010

12/952423

Gordon Wesley Braudaway - Yorktown Heights NY, US

InfoPrint Solutions Company, LLC - Boulder CO

G06K 3/12, G06K 15/00, G06K 9/00, G06K 9/68, G06K 9/32, G03F 3/08, B41F 5/18, B41L 23/00, B42D 15/00, G03B 27/52, G03B 27/54, B41M 5/00

358 114, 358 112, 358518, 358520, 101180, 101181, 101148, 101211, 101485, 283 72, 355 32, 355 35, 4281951, 382112, 382218, 382295

Print verification is done by scanning the printed copies, thereby forming a stream of scanned images of the specific pages. Digitized images from the stream are then spatially aligned page by page, line by line and pixel (pel) by pixel (pel) with corresponding digitized images in a stream of source images. The source and scanned images are compared to find pel sequences that are different. These differences represent defects in the printed copies.

6915432, Jul 5, 2005

Jul 9, 1999

09/351199

Gordon Wesley Braudaway - Yorktown Heights NY, US
Frederick Cole Mintzer - Shrub Oak NY, US

International Business Machines Corporation - Armonk NY

H04K009/00, H04K001/00, H04N007/167

713176, 713168, 713182, 380203

This invention provides methods, apparatus and article of manufacture used as a countermeasure to image distorting. The present invention involves automatically detecting the presence of distortion in a presumed distorted image, measuring the magnitude and type of distortion, and finally creating a realigned image. Once image distortion is removed, conventional invisible watermark extraction methods are employed to extract the watermark from the realigned image. The automatic method does not depend on a process of visually examining a composite image and recording the coordinates of pixel locations closest to common image features in a distorted image and reference image. Generally, the presumed distorted image is resized to the same size as the reference image. Reference centers at at least three distinct points that do not form a straight line are selected. At each reference center, a sub-image is excised.

2005004, Feb 24, 2005

Jul 29, 2003

10/629088

Gordon Braudaway - Yorktown Heights NY, US
Ravi Prakash - Concord NC, US

International Business Machines Corporation - Armonk NY

H04L009/00

713176000

The present invention provides methods and apparatus for an effective deterrent to casual counterfeiting. An example method of achieving the deterrent exploits the limited color gamut of commonly available printers by using selected inks having colors that are out-of-gamut colors for those printers. Another example of a method of the present invention provides for achieving the deterrent by sorting a plurality of candidate documents into a first group of scanned documents not having the out-of-gamut color, and into a second group of scanned documents having the out-of-gamut color, so that the scanned documents in the first group being probably counterfeit, and the scanned documents in the second group being possibly authentic.