Inventors:
Michael James Heller - Encinitas CA
James Patrick O'Connell - Del Mar CA
Robert David Juncosa - Mission Viejo CA
Ronald George Sosnowski - Coronado CA
Thomas Ratcliffe Jackson - San Diego CA
Assignee:
Nanogen, Inc. - San Diego CA
International Classification:
C12Q 168
Abstract:
A system for performing molecular biological diagnosis, analysis and multistep and multiplex reactions utilizes a selfaddressable, selfassembling microelectronic system for actively carrying out controlled reactions in microscopic formats. Preferably, a fluidic system flow a sample across an active area of the biochip, increasing diagnostic efficiency. Preferably, the fluidic system includes aflow cell having a window. Pulsed activation of the electrodes of the biochip are advantageously employed with the fluidic system, permitting more complete sampling of the materials within the biological sample. An improved detection system utilizes a preferably coaxially oriented excitation fiber, such as a fiber optic, disposed within a light guide, such as a liquid light guide. In this way, small geometry systems may be fluorescently imaged. A highly automated DNA diagnostic system results.