RICHARD B COHEN
Broker in Newton, MA

4979110, Dec 18, 1990

Sep 22, 1988

7/247738

Paul Albrecht - Weston MA
Richard J. Cohen - Waban MA

Massachusetts Institute of Technology - Cambridge MA

G06F 1542

36441303

The statistical properties of a biological signal intermittently obscured by a relatively independent biological process are estimated by noting the time intervals during which the obscuring process is occurring. From the time intervals, a windowing function is constructed which makes a transition from one towards zero as the process obscures the signal and a transition towards one as the process terminates. Thereafter, a statistical characterization is performed in which the windowing function is used to weight the relative contributions of corresponding segments of the biological signal. In preferred embodiments, the statistical properties include the autocorrelation function and power spectrum of biological signals such as heart rate and blood pressure. The invention is applicable also to estimating the crosscorrelation and transfer function of a first signal intermittently obscured by a first process and a second signal intermittently obscured by a second process in which each of the signals are relatively independent of each of the obscuring processes. When the biological signal is heart rate, the obscuring process may be the occurrence of ectopic beats.

4851329, Jul 25, 1989

Jun 6, 1986

6/871523

Richard J. Cohen - Newton Highlands MA
Michael L. Broide - Cambridge MA
Mark S. Bowen - Medford MA

Massachusetts Institute of Technology - Cambridge MA

C12Q 170, G01N 33543, G01N 33549, G01N 1502

435 5

This invention provides a means for determining the concentration of any of a wide range of antibody or antigen molecules with a high degree of specificity, accuracy and sensitivity. Antigen or antibody concentration is determined by effecting an agglutination reaction in a liquid medium and determining the cluster size distribution of agglutinated particles by optical pulse particle size analysis. The measured cluster size distribution then is compared with a standard quantitative relationship between the cluster size distribution and concentration of the antigen or antibody being tested. By this means one may specifically ascertain the absolute concentration of the antigen or antibody in question in the sample being analyzed. In addition to detecting antigen or antibody molecules, the process of this invention can be used to determine the concentration of any substance capable of specifically promoting or inhibiting an agglutination reaction such as viruses, white blood cells or the like.

4802491, Feb 7, 1989

Jul 30, 1986

6/891653

Richard J. Cohen - Newton Highlands MA
Joseph M. Smith - Brookline MA

Massachusetts Institute of Technology - Cambridge MA

A61B 504

128702

Myocardial electrical stability is assessed based on the derivation of an alternating ECG morphology index from a series of heartbeats. The ECG electrical signal waveform is digitized at a plurlaity of sample points for each of the series of beats. Sample point matrices from the digitized ECG signals are constructed and the alternating energy at each of the sample points for the series of beats is computed. The alternating energy over the entire set of sample points is summed to generate the total alternating energy. This total alternating energy is normalized with respect to the energy of the average waveform, the normalized value being the alternating ECG morphology index. Animal studies indicate a high negative correlation between cardiac electrical stability and the alternating ECG morphology index.

5673702, Oct 7, 1997

Jun 10, 1994

8/258511

Paul Albrecht - Bedford MA
Jeffrey M. Arnold - Wellesley MA
Paul E. Grimshaw - Sudbury MA
Kevin S. Librett - Boston MA
Richard J. Cohen - Waban MA

Cambridge Heart, Inc. - Bedford MA

A61B 5044

128712

Method and apparatus for improved electronic display and interpretation of physiologic waveforms. The apparatus generates a two-dimensional grid on the video screen simulating the appearance of electrocardiographic recording paper or other physiologic signal recording paper. At least one physiologic signal is superimposed upon the grid for a display of the combined signal and grid. In a preferred embodiment of the invention the grid includes lines some of which are separated by no more than 2. 6 millimeters. In another embodiment of the invention the grid includes horizontal or vertical lines of at least two types.

4850707, Jul 25, 1989

Jun 6, 1986

6/872097

Mark S. Bowen - Medford MA
Michael L. Broide - Cambridge MA
Richard J. Cohen - Newton Highlands MA

Massachusetts Institute of Technology - Cambridge MA

G01N 1502, G01N 2153

356336

A system for determining the cluster size distribution of submicron-size particles in a solution by optical pulse particle size analysis is provided. The system comprises a laminar flow cell having a translucent chamber, means for passing a sheath liquid and a sample liquid through the chamber, a light source and means for focusing the beam of light onto the chamber of the flow cell, a collecting lens, means for limiting collected light to a low angle, a stop, an iris, a light sensor and a means for processing the light signals. The system employs a combination of improved features which allows ultra-sensitive measurement of the cluster size distribution of particles, and can reliably detect as few as three dimers for every 10,000 monomers of micron size particles.

5146926, Sep 15, 1992

Oct 26, 1990

7/604142

Richard J. Cohen - Waban MA

Massachusetts Institute of Technology - MA

A61B 504

128710

An array of electrodes is applied to an internal or external surface of a biological system such as a human being. The electrodes generate signals which are processed to compute a surface differential of the surface potential at a multiplicity of spatial locations within a given time epoch. The signal processing is repeated for multiple sequential time epochs and an image is constructed from the surface differential of the surface potential for each time epoch. Thereafter, the sequential images corresponding to sequential time epochs are displayed. The two-dimensional image changes as the distribution of bioelectric sources evolves so as to provide a motion picture of electrical activity.

4777960, Oct 18, 1988

Aug 18, 1986

6/897603

Ronald D. Berger - Brookline MA
Jerome P. Saul - Jamaica Plain MA
Ming H. Chen - Boston MA
Richard J. Cohen - Newton Highlands MA

Massachusetts Institute of Technology - Cambridge MA

A61B 505

128706

A rapid, noninvasive technique for quantifying the dynamic response of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) to perturbations it senses over a broad range of physiologically relevant frequencies. The technique involves two steps. First, a physiologic parameter sensed by the ANS is subjected to a broad-band perturbation as an input signal while a physiologic parameter modulated by the ANS is monitored as an output signal. Then, the transfer relation between input signal and output signal is determined. The computed transfer relation is then readily interpretable in terms of responsiveness of the various limbs of the ANS.

5935082, Aug 10, 1999

May 15, 1997

8/856990

Paul Albrecht - Bedford MA
Jeffrey M. Arnold - Wellesley MA
Richard J. Cohen - Waban MA

Cambridge Heart, Inc. - Bedford MA

A61B 50452

600515

Cardiac electrical stability is assessed by generating a measure of cardiac electrical stability (e. g. , an alternans measure) using a physiologic signal representative of activity of a patient's heart, generating a reference signal that provides information regarding whether the measure is representative of cardiac electrical stability, and visually presenting the measure and the reference signal in a way that permits visual evaluation of whether the measure is representative of cardiac electrical stability in view of characteristics of the reference signal.

5704365, Jan 6, 1998

Nov 14, 1995

8/557883

Paul Albrecht - Bedford MA
Jeffrey M. Arnold - Wellesley MA
Neil Judell - Andover MA
Richard J. Cohen - Waban MA

Cambridge Heart, Inc. - Bedford MA

A61B 50472

128702

A method of reducing noise in a signal that represents a physiologic process includes obtaining multiple input signals, measuring a relationship between noise content of the input signals, and combining the input signals in consideration of the measured relationship to produce an output signal having low noise content. The multiple input signals may include, for example, two or more primary physiologic input signals or one or more primary physiologic input signals and two or more secondary input signals that represent noise. The method may further include dividing one or more ECG input signals and secondary input signals into set of segments, where each set of segments represents a beat of the ECG signal, measuring a relationship between noise content of corresponding points from successive sets of segments, and combining the input signals based on the measured relationship.

6047206, Apr 4, 2000

Jul 17, 1997

8/895808

Paul Albrecht - Bedford MA
Jeffery M. Arnold - Wellesley MA
Richard J. Cohen - Waban MA
Paul Lander - Lincoln MA

Cambridge Heart, Inc. - Bedford MA

A61B 50402

600509

A subject suspected of experiencing a myocardial infarction is monitored by applying sensors to the subject, where the sensors are configured to produce electrical signals representative of cardiac activity of the subject. Electrical signals are received from at least two of the sensors. The received signals then are processed to obtain a localized cardiac measure that is analyzed to determine whether the subject is experiencing a myocardial infarction.