PAUL G CARMIGNANI
Engineering in Naperville, IL
License number
Massachusetts 36927
Issued Date
Sep 25, 1992
Expiration Date
Jun 30, 2018
Type
Mechanical Engineer
Address
Address
Naperville, IL 60540
Professional information
Selective Catalytic Reduction Of Nox Enabled By Sidestream Urea Decomposition
US Patent:
2004005, Mar 25, 2004
Filed:
Jul 3, 2003
Appl. No.:
10/031724
Inventors:
William Sun - Lisle IL, US
William Cummings Jr - Easton CT, US
Piers Havilland - Ticino, IT
Paul Carmignani - Naperville IL, US
John Boyle - Oak Park IL, US
William Cummings Jr - Easton CT, US
Piers Havilland - Ticino, IT
Paul Carmignani - Naperville IL, US
John Boyle - Oak Park IL, US
International Classification:
B01D053/56
US Classification:
423/235000
Abstract:
A preferred process arrangement utilizes the enthalpy of the flue gas, which can be supplemented if need be, to convert urea () into ammonia for SCR. Urea (), which decomposes at temperatures above 140 ° C., is injected () into a flue gas stream split off () after a heat exchanger (), such as a primary superheater or an economizer. Ideally, the side stream would gasify the urea without need for further heating; but, when heat is required it is far less than would be needed to heat either the entire effluent () or the urea (). This side stream, typically less than 3% of the flue gas, provides the required temperature and residence time for complete decomposition of urea (). A cyclonic separator can be used to remove particulates and completely mix the reagent and flue gas. This stream can then be directed to an injection grid () ahead of SCR using a blower (). The mixing with the flue gas is facilitated due to an order of magnitude higher mass of side stream compared to that injected through the AIG in a traditional ammonia-SCR process.
Selective Catalytic Reduction Of Nox Enabled By Sidestream Urea Decomposition
US Patent:
2011000, Jan 6, 2011
Filed:
Jul 2, 2010
Appl. No.:
12/829671
Inventors:
William H. Sun - Lisle IL, US
William E. Cummings - Austin TX, US
Piers de Havilland - Golasecca, IT
Paul G. Carmignani - Naperville IL, US
John M. Boyle - Oak Park IL, US
William E. Cummings - Austin TX, US
Piers de Havilland - Golasecca, IT
Paul G. Carmignani - Naperville IL, US
John M. Boyle - Oak Park IL, US
Assignee:
FUEL TECH, INC. - Warrenville IL
International Classification:
B01D 53/56, B01J 8/02
US Classification:
4232391, 422211
Abstract:
A preferred apparatus arrangement utilizes the enthalpy of the flue gas, which can be supplemented if need be, to convert urea () into ammonia for SCR. Urea (), which decomposes at temperatures above 140 .degree. C., is injected () into a flue gas stream split off () after a heat exchanger (), such as a primary superheater or an economizer. Ideally, the side stream would gasify the urea without need for further heating; but, when heat is required it is far less than would be needed to heat either the entire effluent () or the urea (). This side stream, typically less than 3% of the flue gas, provides the required temperature and residence time for complete decomposition of urea (). A cyclonic separator can be used to remove particulates and completely mix the reagent and flue gas. This stream can then be directed to an injection grid () ahead of SCR using a blower (). The mixing with the flue gas is facilitated due to an order of magnitude higher mass of side stream compared to that injected through the AIG in a traditional ammonia-SCR process.
Ammonia Gas Generation From Urea For Low Temperature Process Requirements
US Patent:
2013028, Oct 31, 2013
Filed:
Apr 25, 2012
Appl. No.:
13/455459
Inventors:
William H. Sun - Lisle IL, US
John M. Boyle - Oak Park IL, US
Paul G. Carmignani - Naperville IL, US
Scott M. Mayhew - North Aurora IL, US
John M. Boyle - Oak Park IL, US
Paul G. Carmignani - Naperville IL, US
Scott M. Mayhew - North Aurora IL, US
Assignee:
FUEL TECH, INC. - Warrenville IL
International Classification:
C01C 1/08, B01J 7/02
US Classification:
423354, 422148
Abstract:
Disclosed are methods and apparatus for providing an ammonia feed for a low-temperature process. The process includes two defined stages, gasification and hydrolysis. In a first stage thermal reactor, an aqueous urea solution is fed to a gasification chamber and heated gases are controlled in response to demand from a low temperature process requiring ammonia. The heated gases and aqueous urea are introduced into the gasification chamber upstream to fully gasify the solution of aqueous urea to a first stage gas stream comprising ammonia and isocyanic acid. The first stage gas stream is withdrawn and maintained hot enough to prevent solids formation. All amounts of urea feed, water and heated gases fed into the first stage thermal reactor are monitored and adjusted as necessary to achieve efficient hydrolysis in the second stage hydrolysis reactor. The second stage gas stream is withdrawn from the second stage reactor responsive to demand from a low temperature process requiring ammonia.
Selective Catalytic Reduction Of Noenabled By Sidestream Urea Decomposition
US Patent:
7829033, Nov 9, 2010
Filed:
Feb 8, 2006
Appl. No.:
11/275989
Inventors:
William H. Sun - Lisle IL, US
Piers de Havilland - Castelletto Ticino, IT
Paul G. Carmignani - Naperville IL, US
John M. Boyle - Oak Park IL, US
Piers de Havilland - Castelletto Ticino, IT
Paul G. Carmignani - Naperville IL, US
John M. Boyle - Oak Park IL, US
Assignee:
Fuel Tech, Inc. - Warrenville IL
International Classification:
B01D 53/34, B01D 53/56, B01D 53/86, B01D 50/00, B01J 8/00, C01B 21/00, F01N 3/00, F01N 3/10
US Classification:
422168, 422171, 422172, 422173, 4232391
Abstract:
A preferred apparatus arrangement utilizes the enthalpy of the flue gas, which can be supplemented if need be, to convert urea () into ammonia for SCR. Urea (), which decomposes at temperatures above 140. degree. C. , is injected () into a flue gas stream split off () after a heat exchanger (), such as a primary superheater or an economizer. Ideally, the side stream would gasify the urea without need for further heating; but, when heat is required it is far less than would be needed to heat either the entire effluent () or the urea (). This side stream, typically less than 3% of the flue gas, provides the required temperature and residence time for complete decomposition of urea (). A cyclonic separator can be used to remove particulates and completely mix the reagent and flue gas. This stream can then be directed to an injection grid () ahead of SCR using a blower (). The mixing with the flue gas is facilitated due to an order of magnitude higher mass of side stream compared to that injected through the AIG in a traditional ammonia-SCR process.
Selective Catalytic Noreduction Process And Control System
US Patent:
8591848, Nov 26, 2013
Filed:
Nov 6, 2008
Appl. No.:
12/266373
Inventors:
William H. Sun - Lisle IL, US
Paul G. Carmignani - Naperville IL, US
John M. Boyle - Oak Park IL, US
Paul G. Carmignani - Naperville IL, US
John M. Boyle - Oak Park IL, US
Assignee:
Fuel Tech, Inc. - Warrenville IL
International Classification:
B01D 53/56, B01D 53/58, C01B 21/00
US Classification:
423235, 423238, 4232391, 423351
Abstract:
Disclosed is a system which enables the efficient utilization of urea for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOby gasifying it and feeding it to a plurality of selective catalytic reduction units associated with a plurality of gas turbines. The invention enables feeding a gasified product of the urea with the ability to fully control separate SCR units without excessive reagent usage or loss of pollution control effectiveness. Controllers determine the amount of reagent required for each turbine to control NOemissions and then mixes the gasified urea with the correct amount of carrier gas for efficient operation of each separate SCR unit despite the demand variation between the turbines. In this manner the gasification unit can be properly controlled to provide urea on demand without the need for storing large inventories of ammonia-containing gasses to correct for fluctuations in demand.
Selective Catalytic Noreduction Process And Control System
US Patent:
8470277, Jun 25, 2013
Filed:
Aug 7, 2012
Appl. No.:
13/568411
Inventors:
William H. Sun - Lisle IL, US
Paul G. Carmignani - Naperville IL, US
Paul G. Carmignani - Naperville IL, US
Assignee:
Fuel Tech, Inc. - Warrenville IL
International Classification:
B01D 53/56, B01D 53/74, B01D 53/76, G05D 7/00
US Classification:
4232391, 423DIG 5, 422105, 422111, 422168, 422177
Abstract:
A process and an apparatus enhance urea utilization for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO, by controlled preparation and feed of gasified urea during combustor load variation. The concentration of NOin the combustion gases and a required total gas flow necessary to supply an SCR reactor with NOreducing and carrier gases are determined. Urea is gasified by gasification gases in a thermal gasification reactor. The resulting urea gasification products are mixed with carrier gases to provide an injection grid supply stream. Heating is reduced and flue gas enthalpy is efficiently used by controls utilizing monitoring the temperatures of gases fed to the thermal gasification reactor and of the stream of carrier gases.