MARK S BORCHERT, M.D.
Medical Practice at Sunset Blvd, Los Angeles, CA

6574501, Jun 3, 2003

Jan 9, 2001

09/756897

James L. Lambert - Sunland CA
Mark S. Borchert - La Canada CA

Childrens Hospital Los Angeles - Los Angeles CA
California Institute of Technology - Los Angeles CA

A61B 600

600473, 600475

A non-invasive method for analyzing the blood-brain barrier includes obtaining a Raman spectrum of a selected portion of the eye and monitoring the Raman spectrum to ascertain a change to the dynamics of the blood brain barrier. Also, non-invasive methods for determining the brain or blood level of an analyte of interest, such as glucose, drugs, alcohol, poisons, and the like, comprises: generating an excitation laser beam (e. g. , at a wavelength of 600 to 900 nanometers); focusing the excitation laser beam into the anterior chamber of an eye of the subject so that aqueous humor, vitreous humor, or one or more conjunctiva vessels in the eye is illuminated; detecting (preferably confocally detecting) a Raman spectrum from the illuminated portion of the eye; and then determining the blood level or brain level (intracranial or cerebral spinal fluid level) of an analyte of interest for the subject from the Raman spectrum. In certain embodiments, the detecting step may be followed by the step of subtracting a confounding fluorescence spectrum from the Raman spectrum to produce a difference spectrum; and determining the blood level and/or brain level of the analyte of interest for the subject from that difference spectrum, preferably using linear or nonlinear multivariate analysis such as partial least squares analysis. Apparatus for carrying out the foregoing methods are also disclosed.

6402320, Jun 11, 2002

Jul 10, 2000

09/612903

Mark S. Borchert - La Canada CA

Childrens Hospital Los Angeles - Los Angeles CA

A61B 302

351224, 351209

An automated method of measuring visual acuity utilizing an electronic visual display comprises the steps of: (a) presenting a fixation target for attracting a subjects attention on said electronic visual display; then (b) presenting a test screen on said electronic visual display, wherein said test screen comprises at least two separate fields, with one of said fields containing a first test pattern and another of said fields containing a control pattern; wherein said test pattern is configured to stimulate eye movement by said subject when said pattern is recognizable by said subject; then (c) detecting whether or not eye movement to said test pattern occurs, the presence of eye movement to said test pattern confirming the discernability of said first test pattern by said subject; and then (d) repeating steps (b) and (c) above with at least one subsequent test pattern, wherein said subsequent test pattern is more difficult to discern than said first test pattern; and then (e) determining said subjects visual acuity from the presence or absence of detected eye movement to said first test pattern and said at least one subsequent test pattern. Methods of measuring peripheral vision and apparatus for carrying out the foregoing methods are also disclosed.

6424850, Jul 23, 2002

Oct 16, 2000

09/690113

James L. Lambert - Sunland CA
Mark S. Borchert - La Canada CA

Childrens Hospital Los Angeles - Los Angele CA
California Institute of Technology - Pasadena CA

A61B 500

600319

A non-invasive method for determining blood level of an analyte of interst, such as glucose, comprises: generating an excitation laser beam (e. g. , at a wavelength of 700 to 900 nanometers); focusing the excitation laser beam into the anterior chamber of an eye of the subject so that aqueous humor in the anterior chamber is illuminated; detecting (preferably confocally detecting) a Raman spectrum from the illuminated aqueous humor; and then determining the blood glucose level (or the level of another analyte of interest) for the subject from the Raman spectrum. Preferably, the detecting step is followed by the step of subtracting a confounding fluorescence spectrum from the Raman spectrum to produce a difference spectrum; and determining the blood level of the analyte of interest for the subject from that difference spectrum, preferably using linear or nonlinear multivariate analysis such as partial least squares analysis. Apparatus for carrying out the foregoing method is also disclosed.

7398119, Jul 8, 2008

Mar 25, 2003

10/396035

James L. Lambert - Sunland CA, US
Mark S. Borchert - La Canada CA, US

Childrens Hospital Los Angeles - Los Angeles CA
California Institute of Technology - Pasadena CA

A61B 5/00

600473, 600318, 356301, 356306

A non-invasive method for analyzing the blood-brain barrier includes obtaining a Raman spectrum of a selected portion of the eye and monitoring the Raman spectrum to ascertain a change to the dynamics of the blood brain barrier. Also, non-invasive methods for determining the brain or blood level of an analyte of interest, such as glucose, drugs, alcohol, poisons, and the like, comprises: generating an excitation laser beam at a selected wavelength (e. g. , at a wavelength of about 400 to 900 nanometers); focusing the excitation laser beam into the anterior chamber of an eye of the subject so that aqueous humor, vitreous humor, or one or more conjunctiva vessels in the eye is illuminated; detecting (preferably confocally detecting) a Raman spectrum from the illuminated portion of the eye; and then determining the blood level or brain level (intracranial or cerebral spinal fluid level) of an analyte of interest for the subject from the Raman spectrum. In certain embodiments, the detecting step may be followed by the step of subtracting a confounding fluorescence spectrum from the Raman spectrum to produce a difference spectrum; and determining the blood level and/or brain level of the analyte of interest for the subject from that difference spectrum, preferably using linear or nonlinear multivariate analysis such as partial least squares analysis. Apparatus for carrying out the foregoing methods are also disclosed.

6961599, Nov 1, 2005

Mar 25, 2003

10/396010

James L. Lambert - Sunland CA, US
Mark S. Borchert - La Canada CA, US

Childrens Hospital Los Angeles - Los Angeles CA
California Institute of Technology - Pasadena CA

A61B005/00

600318

Methods and systems of the present invention identify the presence of and/or the concentration of a selected analyte in a subject by: (a) illuminating a selected region of the eye of a subject with an optical excitation beam, wherein the excitation beam wavelength is selected to generate a resonant Raman spectrum of the selected analyte with a signal strength that is at least 100 times greater than Raman spectrums generated by non-resonant wavelengths and/or relative to signals of normal constituents present in the selected region of the eye; (b) detecting a resonant Raman spectrum corresponding to the selected illuminated region of the eye; and (c) identifying the presence, absence and/or the concentration of the selected analyte in the subject based on said detecting step. The apparatus may also be configured to be able to obtain biometric data of the eye to identify (confirm the identity of) the subject.

7593763, Sep 22, 2009

Feb 5, 2004

10/773099

James L. Lambert - Sunland CA, US
Mark S. Borchert - La Canada CA, US

Childrens Hospital Los Angeles - Los Angeles CA
California Institute of Technology - Pasadena CA

A61B 6/00

600476, 600473

A non-invasive in vivo method for assessing macular carotenoids includes performing Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) on a retina of a subject. A spatial representation of carotenoid levels in the macula based on data from the OCT of the retina can be generated.