LI ZHANG
Broker in Acton, MA

5814197, Sep 29, 1998

Dec 16, 1996

8/767079

Bruce T. Batchelder - North Reading MA
Irving D. Elyanow - Lexington MA
Arthur L. Goldstein - Weston MA
Russell J. MacDonald - Wilmington MA
Wayne A. McRae - Mannedorf, CH
Keith J. Sims - Wayland MA
Li Zhang - Acton MA

Ionics, Incorporated - Watertown MA

B01D 6148

204524

Improved electrodialysis (ED) stacks are disclosed having one or more components selected from the group: a) cation exchange membranes having ion exchange groups predominantly sulfonic acid groups and a minor amount of weakly acidic and/or weakly basic groups or membranes which are selective to monovalent cations and simultaneously therewith, cation exchange granules selective to monovalent cations as packing in the dilute compartments; b) anion exchange membranes having as ion exchange groups only quaternary ammonium and/or quaternary phosphonium groups and substantially no primary, secondary and/or tertiary amine and/or phosphine groups or membranes which are selective to monovalent anions simultaneously therewith, anion exchange granules selective to monovalent anions as packing in the dilute compartments; c) as packing in the dilute compartment, anion exchange granules which are selective to monovalent anions, or cation exchange granules which are selective to monovalent cations, or cation exchange granules having as exchange groups a predominant amount of sulfonic acid groups and a minor amount of weakly acidic and/or weakly basic groups, or anion exchange granules consisting of organic polymers having as anion exchange groups only quaternary ammonium and/or quaternary phosphonium groups and almost no primary, secondary and/or tertiary amine and/or phosphine groups.

5679228, Oct 21, 1997

Dec 13, 1995

8/571403

Irving D. Elyanow - Lexington MA
Wayne A. McRae - Mannedorf, CH
Keith J. Sims - Wayland MA
Li Zhang - Acton MA

Ionics, Incorporated - Watertown MA

B01D 6148

204524

Improved electrodialysis (ED) stacks are disclosed having one or more components selected from the group: a) cation exchange membranes having ion exchange groups predominantly sulfonic acid groups and a minor amount of weakly acidic and/or weakly basic groups or membranes which are selective to monovalent cations and simultaneously therewith, cation exchange granules selective to monovalent cations as packing in the dilute compartments; b) anion exchange membranes having as ion exchange groups only quaternary ammonium and/or quaternary phosphonium groups and substantially no primary, secondary and/or tertiary amine and/or phosphine groups or membranes which are selective to monovalent anions simultaneously therewith, anion exchange granules selective to monovalent anions as packing in the dilute compartments; c) as packing in the dilute compartment, anion exchange granules which are selective to monovalent anions, or cation exchange granules which are selective to monovalent cations, or cation exchange granules having as exchange groups a predominant amount of sulfonic acid groups and a minor amount of weakly acidic and/or weakly basic groups, or anion exchange granules consisting of organic polymers having as anion exchange groups only quaternary ammonium and/or quaternary phosphonium groups and almost no primary, secondary and/or tertiary amine and/or phosphine groups.

5503729, Apr 2, 1996

Apr 25, 1994

8/233092

Irving D. Elyanow - Lexington MA
Arthur L. Goldstein - Weston MA
Russell J. MacDonald - Wilmington MA
Wayne A. McRae - Mannedorf, CH
Keith J. Sims - Wayland MA
Li Zhang - Acton MA

Ionics Incorporated - Watertown MA

B01D 6148

204630

Electrodialysis ("ED") stacks are disclosed having components selected from the group: a) cation exchange ("CX") membranes and/or CX granules having in at least a surface a predominant amount of sulfonate exchange groups and a minor amount of weakly ionized exchange groups; b) anion exchange ("AX") membranes and/or AX granules having in at least a surface substantially only quaternary ammonium and/or phosphonium exchange groups which upon decomposition leave almost no amine or phosphine groups bound to the membranes or granules; c) AX and/or CX granules which are selective to monovalent ions at currents which are fractions of the limiting current of such granules; d) AX and/or CX membranes and granules, such membranes and granules selective to monovalent ions at currents which are fractions of the limiting current of such membranes and granules; e) ion exchange ("IX") granules in which the concentration of IX groups in the inner regions is a fraction (including zero) of the concentration in the outer regions; f) AX membranes and/or granules having in at least a surface AX groups having the formula ##STR1## where the R's represent substituents other than hydroxyethyl having at least two carbon atoms, at least one of the R's represents the polymeric structure of such membranes or granules, or a connection thereto, where two or more R's may represent ring structures and A represents nitrogen or phosphorus. Also disclosed are processes for softening, de-nitrating, de-silicizing or demineralizing water or for removing ash from milk products.

6126805, Oct 3, 2000

Aug 2, 1999

9/366122

Bruce T. Batchelder - North Reading MA
Irving D. Elyanow - Lexington MA
Arthur L. Goldstein - Weston MA
Russell J. MacDonald - Wilmington MA
Wayne A. McRae - Mannedorf, CH
Keith J. Sims - Wayland MA
Li Zhang - Acton MA

Ionics, Incorporated - Watertown MA

B01D 6148

204630

Improved electrodialysis (ED) stacks are disclosed having one or more components selected from the group: a) cation exchange membranes having ion exchange groups predominantly sulfonic acid groups and a minor amount of weakly acidic and/or weakly basic groups or membranes which are selective to monovalent cations and simultaneously therewith, cation exchange granules selective to monovalent cations as packing in the dilute compartments; b) anion exchange membranes having as ion exchange groups only quaternary ammonium and/or quaternary phosphonium groups and substantially no primary, secondary and/or tertiary amine and/or phosphine groups or membranes which are selective to monovalent anions simultaneously therewith, anion exchange granules selective to monovalent anions as packing in the dilute compartments; c) as packing in the dilute compartment, anion exchange granules which are selective to monovalent anions, or cation exchange granules which are selective to monovalent cations, or cation exchange granules having as exchange groups a predominant amount of sulfonic acid groups and a minor amount of weakly acidic and/or weakly basic groups, or anion exchange granules consisting of organic polymers having as anion exchange groups only quaternary ammonium and/or quaternary phosphonium groups and almost no primary, secondary and/or tertiary amine and/or phosphine groups.