Inventors:
Homme W. Hellinga - Durham NC, US
David W. Conrad - Durham NC, US
David E. Benson - Ferndale MI, US
Assignee:
Duke University - Durham NC
International Classification:
G01N033/543
US Classification:
436518, 204400, 204403, 422 8201, 422 8202, 422 8203, 435 5, 435 6, 435 72, 435 731, 435 14, 4352871, 4352872, 436149, 436524, 436525, 436806, 436815
Abstract:
The present invention relates, in general, to biosensors and, in particular, to bioelectronic sensors comprising a macromolecule immobilized on an electrode surface so that a redox cofactor that is site-specifically attached to the surface of the macromolecule is between the macromolecule and electrode surface ligand-mediated conformational changes alter the geometry of interaction between the redox cofactor and the electrode surface resulting in a change in electronic coupling between the cofactor and electrode.