BARRY J RICHMOND, M.D.
Neurology in Bethesda, MD

7442212, Oct 28, 2008

Jan 11, 2002

10/250543

Barry J. Richmond - Bethesda MD, US
Matthew Wiener - Westfield NJ, US

The United States of America as represented by the Department of Health and Human Services - Washington DC

A61F 2/70

623 25

A device and method for decoding neuronal responses wherein sequences of potentials from neurons are monitored while specific motor tasks are carried out, and these sequences are characterized using order statistics and subsequently the order statistics are used to decode action potentials representing unidentified motor tasks to determine the desired motor task. The method of the invention comprises the steps of monitoring action potentials caused by a motor task being requested by the brain, calculating a spike density function and order tasks for each distinct motor task, to relate action potentials to their specific motor task. The invention also offers methods of formulating instructions for a prosthetic device. This method comprises the steps of learning the neuronal responses of distinct motor tasks by monitoring action potentials caused by a motor task being requested by the brain, calculating a cumulative density function for each distinct motor task, and using order statistics to relate action potentials to their respective motor tasks; monitoring action potentials from at least one neuron of said user wherein the action potentials are caused by the request for an unknown motor task; using said learned neuronal responses to determine which motor task is being requested by the monitored neuron; and formulating instructions on how to carry out the requested motor task. The device of the invention comprises a prosthetic limb, a device capable of making said prosthetic limb carry out motor tasks, a device capable of recording action potentials from neurons, and a device containing instructions for monitoring neurons, calculating cumulative density functions, utilizing order statistics, and determining instructions for various motor tasks.

5420787, May 30, 1995

Oct 26, 1992

7/966244

Timothy J. Gawne - Silver Spring MD
Barry J. Richmond - Bethesda MD

The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the
Department of Human Services - Washington DC

G06F 1538, G06K 962

36441305

An improved multi-unit analyzer is provided by virtue of the present invention. An analog-to-digital converter (A/D) digitizes a multi-unit signal, a pulse detector triggers when the multi-unit signal reaches a specified threshold, and a pulse sampler outputs a packet of samples of the signal around the point where the signal passes the threshold. The packet is then transformed into a point on a plane, the P-plane. The transformed point is compared to one or more rectangles in the P-plane, to determine if the point falls within any rectangle. If a point falls within a rectangle, a pulse is output on a line corresponding to the rectangle. This compare and output process is given a high priority. A low priority process displays the packet of samples in a window corresponding to the rectangle which encloses the point in the P-plane which results from the transformation of the packet of samples. A display also exists to display the points in the P-plane and the rectangles, thus allowing a user to view the relationship between the points and the rectangles.

5037376, Aug 6, 1991

Jul 22, 1988

7/222882

Barry J. Richmond - Bethesda MD
Lance M. Optican - Potomac MD

The United States of America as represented by the Department of Health
and Human Services - Washington DC

A61M 2100

600 26

An apparatus and method for transmitting prosthetic information to the brain contains an array of sensory elements that receive energy from an external stimulus and process those signals via neural filters and neural waveforms to produce a pulse or `spike` train that is temporally encoded with information that is functionally related to the external stimulus. The simulated spike trains, when applied to an appropriate area of the brain, produce perceptions that are functionally related to the sensed external stimuli so that a subject can discriminate between different spike trains representative of different external stimuli.

2005021, Sep 22, 2005

Dec 6, 2004

11/005919

Edward Ginns - Shrewsbury MA, US
Barry Richmond - Bethesda MD, US

A01K067/027

800012000, 800014000

Methods and compositions for modulating brain pathways and functions are disclosed.